Guido Westerwelle

Guido Westerwelle
Westerwelle arriving at Hamm, during the 2009 campaign.
Vice-Chancellor of Germany
Incumbent
Assumed office  28 October 2009
Chancellor	Angela Merkel
Preceded by	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Minister for Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office  28 October 2009
Chancellor	Angela Merkel
Preceded by	Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Chairman of the Free Democratic Party
Incumbent
Assumed office  4 May 2001
Preceded by	Wolfgang Gerhardt
Born	27 December 1961 (1961-12-27) (age 49) Bad Honnef, West Germany (now Germany)
Political party	Free Democratic Party
Domestic partner	Michael Mronz
Residence	Berlin (Official) Bonn (Private)
Alma mater	University of Bonn Distance University of Hagen
Profession	Lawyer
Website	Official website

Guido Westerwelle (born 27 December 1961) is a German liberal politician, currently serving as the Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor of Germany in the second cabinet of Chancellor Angela Merkel (since 28 October 2009). He is the first openly gay person to hold either of those positions. Since 2001, he has been the chairman of the Free Democratic Party of Germany. A lawyer by profession, he has been a Member of Parliament since 1996.

Early life and education

Guido Westerwelle was born in Bad Honnef in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. After graduating from Gymnasium in 1980, he studied law at the University of Bonn from 1980 to 1987. Following the First and Second State Law Examinations in 1987 and 1991 respectively, he began practicing as an attorney in Bonn in 1991. In 1994, he earned a doctoral degree in law from FernUniversität Hagen. Today, he is frank about his homosexuality and lives together with his partner Michael Mronz. Until 2004 he was not openly gay, although this was fairly common knowledge in the general public.

Career in the FDP

Westerwelle joined the FDP in 1980. He was a founding member of the Junge Liberale, the youth organization of that party, and was its chairman from 1983 to 1988.

Having been a member of the Executive Board of the FDP since 1988, he first gained national prominence in 1994, when he was appointed Secretary General of the party. As such, he was a notable proponent of an unlimited free market economy and took a leading part in the drafting of a new party programme.

In 1996, Westerwelle was first elected a member of the German Bundestag, filling in for Heinz Lanfermann, who had resigned from his seat after entering the Ministry of Justice. In 1998, Westerwelle was re-elected to parliament.

In 2001, he succeeded Wolfgang Gerhardt as party chairman, who however remained chairman of the FDP's parliamentary group. Westerwelle, the youngest party chairman at the time, emphasized economics and education, and espoused a strategy initiated by his deputy Jürgen Möllemann, who as chairman of the North Rhine-Westphalia branch of party, had led his party back into the state parliament, gaining 9.8% of the vote. This strategy, transferred to the federal level, was dubbed Project 18, referring both to the envisioned percentage and the German age of majority. Leading up to the 2002 elections, he positioned his party in equidistance to the major parties and refused to commit his party to a coalition with either the Christian Democrats and Social Democrats. He was also declared the FDP's candidate for the office of chancellor. Since the FDP had never claimed such a candicacy (and hasn't done since) and had no chance of attaining it against the two major parties, this move was widely seen as flippant political marketing alongside other moves, such as driving around in a campaign van dubbed Guidomobile, wearing the figure 18 on the soles of his shoes or appearance in the Big Brother TV show.^[1] Eventually, the federal elections yielded a slight increase of the FDP's vote from 6.8% to 7.4%. Despite this setback, he was reelected as party chairman in 2003.

Westerwelle speaking at an election rally in Hamm

In the federal elections of 2005, Westerwelle was his party's frontrunner. When neither the Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's Social Democrats and Greens nor a coalition of Christian and Free Democrats, favoured by Angela Merkel and Westerwelle, managed to gain a majority of seats, Westerwelle rejected overtures by Chancellor Schröder to save his chancellorship by entering his coalition and preferred to become one of the leaders of the disparate opposition of the subsequently formed Grand coalition of Christian and Social Democrats under Chancellor Angela Merkel. Westerwelle became a vocal critic of the new government. In 2006, according to an internal agreement, Westerwelle succeeded Wolfgang Gerhardt as chairman of the parliamentary group.

Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor of Germany

In the federal elections of 2009, Westerwelle committed his party to a coalition with Dr Merkel's CDU/CSU, ruling out a coalition with Social Democrats and Greens, and led his party to unprecedented 14.6%.^[2] In accordance with earlier announcements, he formed a coalition government with CDU/CSU. On October 28 he was sworn in as Foreign Minister and Vice-Chancellor, becoming the head of the Foreign Office.^[3][4][5]

His deputies at the Foreign Office are Werner Hoyer and Cornelia Pieper as Ministers of State. Hoyer previously held the same office in the Cabinet Kohl V.

Positions

Westerwelle is a staunch supporter of the free market and has proposed reforms to curtail the German welfare state and deregulate German labor law. In an interview in February 2003, Westerwelle described trade unions as a "plague on our country" and said union officials were "the pall-bearers of the welfare state and of the prosperity in our country".^[6] He has called for substantial tax cuts and smaller government, in line with the general direction of his party. Quite in contrast to the "small government" approach, he was one of the first politicians to push for a biometric passport already in 2001 ^[7]

Controversy

His charmanship has also seen considerable controversy. Critics inside and outside the FDP have accused him of focusing on public relations, as opposed to developing and promoting sound public policy, especially in the election campaign of 2002. Westerwelle himself, who was made party chairman particularly because his predecessor Wolfgang Gerhardt had been viewed by many as dull and stiff, has labeled his approach as Spaßpolitik (fun politics) in the past.^[8]

At a press conference 27^th September 2009, after the election, Westerwelle refused to answer a question in English from a BBC-reporter, claiming that "it is normal to speak German in Germany".^[9] This has caused much public ridicule about his English skills.

His public statements in 2010 about the "welfare state",^[10] comparing the lifestyle of Hartz IV welfare receivers to "late roman decadence", have caused quite a stir in Germany.

The fact that his official trips as foreign minister included his partner Michael Mronz, an event manager, as well as Ralf Marohn, a partner in his brother's company,^[11] have also caused quite some controversy. Westerwelle and the FDP defended this by saying that it is normal for foreign ministers to take industry representatives on their trips, ignoring the fact that the issue the public had was that these representatives had a personal relation to the foreign minister.

Personal life

On 20 July 2004, Westerwelle attended Angela Merkel's 50th birthday party accompanied by his partner, businessman Michael Mronz, thereby tacitly acknowledging that he was gay. It was the first time that he attended an official event with his partner.^[12]

In popular culture

• Guido Westerwelle is the main-subject of the song 18 == 100^[13] by German Singer-Songwriter Evan Freyer. The song is about the possibility of Westerwelle becoming the chancellor of Germany.

References

Bibliography

• Guido Westerwelle, the Liberals' Top Gun Profile in Deutsche Welle, 20 July 2005

External links

• Westerwelle's personal website (in German)
• Westerwelle's website as member of the Bundestag (in German)

The Second Merkel Cabinet, since 28 October 2009 Guido Westerwelle (FDP) | Wolfgang Schäuble (CDU) | Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger (FDP) | Thomas de Maizière (CDU) | Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (CSU) | Rainer Brüderle (FDP) | Ilse Aigner (CSU) | Franz Josef Jung (until 27 Nov 2009) (CDU)/Kristina Schröder (since 30 Nov 2009) (CDU) | Ursula von der Leyen (CDU) | Philipp Rösler (FDP) | Peter Ramsauer (CSU) | Norbert Röttgen (CDU) | Annette Schavan (CDU) | Dirk Niebel (FDP) | Ronald Pofalla (CDU)

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